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Other Added - Intellectual Property – Ground Breaking Decision – Patents – Business Methods – Computer Programs
Many of us want to start our own venture, but due to cash shortage we cannot fulfill our wishes. Undoubtedly it can be said that capitalization is necessary for gearing up a business. In case if you do not have adequate fund, you can avail business loans. Do not think availing these loans is a costly affair. With cheap business loans, funding in business is now so easy.Cheap business loans are of two kinds, secured and unsecured. If you want to avail the secured option, you need to place something against the lending amount. As security you can use both personal and commercial properties. Oppositely, you need not place anything if you want to avail cheap business loans in an unsecured way. With cheap business loans, you can borrow the amount, ranging from ₤50000- ₤1000000. These loans are usually available for 5-30 years.Since, secured option is available against a security and this security covers the risk of lending amount; hence availing these loans at a cheaper interest rate is easy. Even more, if a borrower uses high valuable collateral, it will facilitate them to borrow more by paying less. In this context, we also highlight about having a good credit score, which empowers borrowers to negotiate with lenders in order to get some relaxation on the interest rate.But do not think that if you opt for the unsecured option, you cannot avail business loans at a cheaper rate. A good cre
“The difference in wording has at least the potential to lead to an erroneous construction of a provision which is intended to have the same meaning as that of the EPC... Working using the EPC text obviates that risk”
Background: The issue arising in Aerotel Ltd v Telco Holdings Ltd [2006] relates to the patent of a business method. Aerotel held a UK patent for a telephone system which allows the user to make a call from any available phone and have the cost of this call billed from the credit relating to this account. Once this credit runs out, the call would be disconnected. Aerotel believed that Telco had infringed their patent, and sued them. Telco counterclaimed to have Aerotel’s patent revoked. Aero
Travel insurance is designed to protect you from losses while you are traveling. There are many situations that could result in your need of travel insurance. Things like lost luggage, trips being cancelled, medical emergency expenses along with other situations you may not have thought ofThere are several types of coverage for travel insurance and it will depend on the insurance company issuing the policy as to what you are covered for.Some types of cover available for travel insurance are:Trip Cancellation Accident/Sickness Medical Expenses Baggage/Personal Effects Loss or Delay Medical Evacuation/Emergency Transportation Trip Delay Supplier DefaultTrip Cancellation will cover you for non-refundable payments or any deposits paid for trips that have to be cancelled due to unforeseen circumstances. This is the most common type of travel insurance.Accident/Sickness Medical Expenses is another cover that could be overlooked but is very important when traveling. This will cover you for any costs you may have for illness or injury while you are traveling.Baggage/Personal Effects Loss or Delay, this will cover you for any items that may be lost or delayed in getting to you while traveling. Things like your luggage not arriving with you and you need to replace certain item while waiting for your luggage to arrive.Medical Evacuation/Emergency Trans
A patent is effectively a legal monopoly for a process or product. When granted a patent, the patent holder will be exclusively allowed to exploit a patented product or process for the life of the patent. When a patent is applied for, the patent examiners must ensure that the product or process which is the subject matter of the patent application meets the test for patentability. Up until this ground-breaking ruling, the test was extremely complicated to apply in practice due to the large amount of case law dealing with the interpretation of the appropriate legislation. Now the test has been concisely summarised by this decision.
The Legislations: There are two main pieces of legislation which had to be interpreted by the courts to provide the basis for the test of patentability. These are s1(2) of the Patents Act 1977 and its equivalent European legislation, namely Article 52(2) of the European Patent Convention (“EPC”). Both pieces of legislation outline what is excluded from patentability.
The wording used in the Patents Act 1977 is different to the wording used in the EPC. So far as relevant, s.1 reads:
(2) It is hereby declared that the following (among other things) are not inventions for the purposes of this Act, that is to say, anything which consists of:
(a) a discovery, scientific theory or mathematical method;
(b) a literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work or any other aesthetic creation whatsoever;
(c) a scheme, rule or method for performing a mental act, playing a game or doing business, or a program for a computer;
(d) the presentation of information;
but the foregoing provision shall prevent anything from being treated as an invention for the purposes of this Act only to the extent that a patent or application for a patent relates to that thing as such. Whereas the Article 52 EPC, so far as relevant, reads:
(1) European patents shall be granted for any inventions which are susceptible of industrial application, which are new and which involve an inventive step.
(2) The following in particular shall not be regarded as inventions within the meaning of paragraph 1:
(a) discoveries, scientific theories and mathematical methods;
(b) aesthetic creations;
(c) schemes, rules and methods for performing mental acts, playing games or doing business, and programs for computers;
(d) presentations of information.
Although no-one has yet expressly suggested that the difference in wording would result in a difference in practice, to ensure absolute consistency with other EPC contracting states, the court primarily focussed on examining how the European legislation has been interpreted. The reason for doing this was cited as follows:
“The difference in wording has at least the potential to lead to an erroneous construction of a provision which is intended to have the same meaning as that of the EPC... Working using the EPC text obviates that risk”
Background: The issue arising in Aerotel Ltd v Telco Holdings Ltd [2006] relates to the patent of a business method. Aerotel held a UK patent for a telephone system which allows the user to make a call from any available phone and have the cost of this call billed from the credit relating to this account. Once this credit runs out, the call would be disconnected. Aerotel believed that Telco had infringed their patent, and sued them. Telco counterclaimed to have Aerotel’s patent revoked. Aero
If you've been a victim of job loss, medical emergency or other cause of income loss, you may be one of the millions of individuals facing a pile of debts that you cannot cover. Miss one or two payments and you can expect to get a call from a debt collector.Calls from debt collectors trying to find you at your place of employment can be humiliating. You may already be screening your calls, your chest tightening as you realize it's them - again.While not every debt collector is unsympathetic and berating they likely do have to steel themselves for many of the sad stories given to them as explanations for past due debts. They are also frequently rewarded for their efforts in collecting the debt with a commission based on the amount obtained. It is easy to see why it is not uncommon for individuals who are already in a desperate state to fear encounters with the more aggressive collectors who are determined to get their fees."What Are They Allowed to Do?"Debt collectors are allowed to contact you by in person, by mail, by telegram, by fax and by phone; at home or at work - unless they know your employer would disapprove. They may also not contact you before 8 a.m. or after 9 p.m. unless you have agreed to the contact at that time.They must contact your attorney unless you don't have one. They may then contact other people to find out your telephone number, work place or address, but in
The Legislations: There are two main pieces of legislation which had to be interpreted by the courts to provide the basis for the test of patentability. These are s1(2) of the Patents Act 1977 and its equivalent European legislation, namely Article 52(2) of the European Patent Convention (“EPC”). Both pieces of legislation outline what is excluded from patentability.
The wording used in the Patents Act 1977 is different to the wording used in the EPC. So far as relevant, s.1 reads:
(2) It is hereby declared that the following (among other things) are not inventions for the purposes of this Act, that is to say, anything which consists of:
(a) a discovery, scientific theory or mathematical method;
(b) a literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work or any other aesthetic creation whatsoever;
(c) a scheme, rule or method for performing a mental act, playing a game or doing business, or a program for a computer;
(d) the presentation of information;
but the foregoing provision shall prevent anything from being treated as an invention for the purposes of this Act only to the extent that a patent or application for a patent relates to that thing as such. Whereas the Article 52 EPC, so far as relevant, reads:
(1) European patents shall be granted for any inventions which are susceptible of industrial application, which are new and which involve an inventive step.
(2) The following in particular shall not be regarded as inventions within the meaning of paragraph 1:
(a) discoveries, scientific theories and mathematical methods;
(b) aesthetic creations;
(c) schemes, rules and methods for performing mental acts, playing games or doing business, and programs for computers;
(d) presentations of information.
Although no-one has yet expressly suggested that the difference in wording would result in a difference in practice, to ensure absolute consistency with other EPC contracting states, the court primarily focussed on examining how the European legislation has been interpreted. The reason for doing this was cited as follows:
“The difference in wording has at least the potential to lead to an erroneous construction of a provision which is intended to have the same meaning as that of the EPC... Working using the EPC text obviates that risk”
Background: The issue arising in Aerotel Ltd v Telco Holdings Ltd [2006] relates to the patent of a business method. Aerotel held a UK patent for a telephone system which allows the user to make a call from any available phone and have the cost of this call billed from the credit relating to this account. Once this credit runs out, the call would be disconnected. Aerotel believed that Telco had infringed their patent, and sued them. Telco counterclaimed to have Aerotel’s patent revoked. Aero
Let me just wrap up what we talked about in part one:Our whole universe including us is nothing else but energy. Looking at a human being individually you'll see a tiny energy field. This tiny energy field is operating in a much larger energy field. That means that everything is connected with everything and thus part of the same source energy. Our thoughts and the subsequent feelings are energy and we are sending out this energy. The Law of Attraction is matching up this energy with the very same kind of energy = like attracts like. So we become what we think about whether we like it, we believe, we understand it, or not. It always works and that is proven science. Every thought has its own particular frequency and we can even measure it now.Knowing and understanding this will open up a totally new insight into your business. Most business owners and managers are looking at the effects rather than the cause. In other words, they are focused on "what is" thus attracting even more of "what is" into their lives. Just become aware of what you are thinking in the very moment and you will immediately know what you are attracting to become your reality. In order to become aware, watch your feelings. If you feel bad, observe what you are thinking about because this is an indicator that you are not aligned with who you truly are and thus what you truly want.Now I am going to be a little bit in your face b
(2) It is hereby declared that the following (among other things) are not inventions for the purposes of this Act, that is to say, anything which consists of:
(a) a discovery, scientific theory or mathematical method;
(b) a literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work or any other aesthetic creation whatsoever;
(c) a scheme, rule or method for performing a mental act, playing a game or doing business, or a program for a computer;
(d) the presentation of information;
but the foregoing provision shall prevent anything from being treated as an invention for the purposes of this Act only to the extent that a patent or application for a patent relates to that thing as such. Whereas the Article 52 EPC, so far as relevant, reads:
(1) European patents shall be granted for any inventions which are susceptible of industrial application, which are new and which involve an inventive step.
(2) The following in particular shall not be regarded as inventions within the meaning of paragraph 1:
(a) discoveries, scientific theories and mathematical methods;
(b) aesthetic creations;
(c) schemes, rules and methods for performing mental acts, playing games or doing business, and programs for computers;
(d) presentations of information.
Although no-one has yet expressly suggested that the difference in wording would result in a difference in practice, to ensure absolute consistency with other EPC contracting states, the court primarily focussed on examining how the European legislation has been interpreted. The reason for doing this was cited as follows:
“The difference in wording has at least the potential to lead to an erroneous construction of a provision which is intended to have the same meaning as that of the EPC... Working using the EPC text obviates that risk”
Background: The issue arising in Aerotel Ltd v Telco Holdings Ltd [2006] relates to the patent of a business method. Aerotel held a UK patent for a telephone system which allows the user to make a call from any available phone and have the cost of this call billed from the credit relating to this account. Once this credit runs out, the call would be disconnected. Aerotel believed that Telco had infringed their patent, and sued them. Telco counterclaimed to have Aerotel’s patent revoked. Aero
What resume format should you use when putting your job accomplishment bullet points together?Specifically, how should you structure the text in your resume to get the best and biggest positive impact that will result in more interviews?Hiring managers hire someone because they have a problem that they need solved. Therefore your resume needs to clearly illustrate your accomplishments, proof of the problems that you’ve solved.When you are putting your resume together and are typing your bullet points describing each job you’ve held, remember that you’re not putting together a job description.You need to type your bullet points to describe your accomplishments and achievements, not simply state what you did in that position.A good way to accomplish this is to structure each point with the following format:Problem, Action, Result.Here it is explained in more detail:Problem: Explain a problem or situation that arose in your job.Action: Explain the action that you took to deal with and solve the problem or situation described above.Result: Explain the result of the action you undertook to solve the problem or situation described above.Specifically, let’s say you are a sales manager and you have a group of sales staff who aren’t meeting their sales quotas. You decide to retrain the staff in sales techniques to improv
(2) The following in particular shall not be regarded as inventions within the meaning of paragraph 1:
(a) discoveries, scientific theories and mathematical methods;
(b) aesthetic creations;
(c) schemes, rules and methods for performing mental acts, playing games or doing business, and programs for computers;
(d) presentations of information.
Although no-one has yet expressly suggested that the difference in wording would result in a difference in practice, to ensure absolute consistency with other EPC contracting states, the court primarily focussed on examining how the European legislation has been interpreted. The reason for doing this was cited as follows:
“The difference in wording has at least the potential to lead to an erroneous construction of a provision which is intended to have the same meaning as that of the EPC... Working using the EPC text obviates that risk”
Background: The issue arising in Aerotel Ltd v Telco Holdings Ltd [2006] relates to the patent of a business method. Aerotel held a UK patent for a telephone system which allows the user to make a call from any available phone and have the cost of this call billed from the credit relating to this account. Once this credit runs out, the call would be disconnected. Aerotel believed that Telco had infringed their patent, and sued them. Telco counterclaimed to have Aerotel’s patent revoked. Aero
A B2B business loan essentially begins with the person who wishes to start their own business or enhance the business that they are now operating. A B2B business loan should start with research as many different interest rates apply, time to do pay back, and of course it is important to be able to renew the loan.The most requested is the unsecured business loan. Meeting the requirements might pose a pose a problem unless you have a very good credit score of a minimum 680. You must also have a lower debt ratio in order to get a higher loan amount. The B2B business loan for those who are seeking an unsecured loan must have good credit. There are benefits that make it easier for a business to obtain the loan with good credit. The following benefits apply:• NO Collateral is required. • NO Financial statements are required. • No Business plan is required. • Quick approval usually within about 72 hours. • Complete freedom on use of loan proceeds. • For this program you must have a Dun & Bradstreet number, high payday, and comparable credit. • Minimum low 4 daily balances in your business bank account.The average interest rates will fall between prime +3 – prim +9 which depends on your credit and debt ratio. The terms of this type of B2B business loan normally are $1100-$1600 a month per $50,000 financed on a 5 year term dependent on your credit.We have researched
“The difference in wording has at least the potential to lead to an erroneous construction of a provision which is intended to have the same meaning as that of the EPC... Working using the EPC text obviates that risk”
Background: The issue arising in Aerotel Ltd v Telco Holdings Ltd [2006] relates to the patent of a business method. Aerotel held a UK patent for a telephone system which allows the user to make a call from any available phone and have the cost of this call billed from the credit relating to this account. Once this credit runs out, the call would be disconnected. Aerotel believed that Telco had infringed their patent, and sued them. Telco counterclaimed to have Aerotel’s patent revoked. Aerotel had their patent revoked by summary judgment on 3 May 2006. They are now appealing to have it reinstated.
In Macrossan’s Application [2006], they applied for a UK patent for a computer program. The software allows users to obtain all the necessary legal documentation for the incorporation of a company. The users answer questions asked by a remote server and from their answers the appropriate forms are compiled and filled in automatically. The users are then sent the documents. In the initial application, the UK Patent Office took the view that the subject matter of the patent was unpatentable. Mr Macrossan has now appealed to have the application reviewed.
The new 4 Stage Test: The decision introduced a new 4 stage test in establishing whether an invention is patentable. The UK Patent Office is of the opinion that this decision should be treated as the definitive way in which the law on patentable subject matter of an invention is to be applied in the UK. This substantially reduces the need to refer back to previous case law. The new 4 stage test to be used by patent examiners is consistent with previous UK judgments and is as follows:
Step One: Properly construe the claim. This new first step is designed to make the examiners establish what monopoly would be created were the patent to be granted. Once the monopoly has been identified, the examiners will then go on to ask whether the monopoly is in an excluded class of monopolies:-
o If the monopoly is in an excluded class, then the first step would fail.
o If the monopoly is not in one of the excluded classes, then the first step would be passed.
Step Two: Identify the actual contribution. The purpose of this step is to allow the patent examiners to identify categorically what an inventor has contributed to the stock of human knowledge through the creation of his or her invention. It is the substance of the invention which requires the consideration. The invention is looked at as a whole. As long as the overall substance of the invention, when it is considered in its entirety, contributes suitably to the stock of human knowledge, the second step will be passed. In the end the test must be what contribution has actually been made, not what the inventor says he has made.
Step Three: Ask whether it falls solely within the excluded subject matter. This third step is intended to establish whether the invention is comprised of solely unpatentable subject matter. There is a list of matters which will not be afforded patent protection under Article 52(2) of the EPC. These are outlined above. If the invention in question falls:-
o wholly within excluded subject matte, it would fail the third step
o only partly within excluded subject matter, it would pass
o outside all the categories of excluded subject matter, then it would also pass.
Step Four: Check whether the actual or alleged contribution is actually technical in nature. The final step is relatively simple in comparison to the previous three. The examiners will merely consider whether the contributio
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